Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị peptides transmembrane, nkewa ha dabere na akụrụngwa anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ, isi mmalite, usoro ingestion na ngwa biomedical.Dị ka anụ ahụ na kemịkal ha si dị, akpụkpọ ahụ penetrating peptides nwere ike kewaa ụzọ atọ: cationic, amphiphilic na hydrophobic.Akpụkpọ anụ cationic na amphiphilic na-abanye peptides bụ 85%, ebe akpụkpọ ahụ hydrophobic na-abanye peptides bụ naanị 15%.
1. Akpụkpọ anụ cationic na-abanye peptide
Cationic transmembrane peptides mejupụtara peptides dị mkpụmkpụ bara ụba na arginine, lysine, na histidine, dị ka TAT, Penetratin, Polyarginine, P22N, DPV3 na DPV6.N'ime ha, arginine nwere guanidine, nke nwere ike jikọta hydrogen na otu phosphoric acid na-adịghị mma na akpụkpọ ahụ cell na transmembrane peptides n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke uru PH nke physiological.Nnyocha nke oligarginine (site na 3 R ruo 12 R) gosiri na a na-enweta ikike ịbanye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ naanị mgbe ọnụọgụ arginine dị ntakịrị ka 8, na ikike ntinye nke akpụkpọ ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye site na mmụba nke arginine.Lysine, n'agbanyeghị cationic dị ka arginine, enweghị guanidine, yabụ mgbe ọ dị naanị ya, arụmọrụ ntinye akpụkpọ ahụ ya adịchaghị elu.Futaki et al.(2001) chọpụtara na enwere ike nweta mmetụta dị mma ịbanye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ naanị mgbe akpụkpọ ahụ cationic cell na-abanye n'ime peptide nwere opekata mpe amino asịd 8 kwadoro nke ọma.Ọ bụ ezie na ihe fọdụrụ na amino acid nke ọma dị mkpa maka peptides penetrative banye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ, amino acid ndị ọzọ dịkwa mkpa, dịka mgbe W14 na-agbanwe n'ime F, penetrability nke Penetratin na-efunahụ.
Klas pụrụ iche nke peptides transmembrane cationic bụ usoro nhazi mpaghara nuklia (NLS), nke mejupụtara peptides dị mkpụmkpụ bara ụba na arginine, lysine na proline ma nwee ike ibuga ya na oghere site na mgbagwoju pore nuklia.Enwere ike kewaa NLS gaa n'ihu n'ịpị otu na nke abụọ, nwere otu ụyọkọ amino asịd abụọ, n'otu n'otu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, PKKRKV sitere na simian virus 40(SV40) bụ otu ntinye NLS, ebe protein nuklia bụ akara NLS ugboro abụọ.KRPAATKKAGQAKKL bụ usoro dị mkpirikpi nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na membrane transmembrane.N'ihi na ọtụtụ NLS nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-erughị 8, NLS adịghị irè transmembrane peptides, ma ha nwere ike dị irè transmembrane peptides mgbe covalently jikọtara na hydrophobic peptide usoro na-etolite amphiphilic transmembrane peptides.
2. Amphiphilic transmembrane peptide
Amphiphilic transmembrane peptides nwere ngalaba hydrophilic na hydrophobic, nke enwere ike kewaa n'ime amphiphilic nke mbụ, nke abụọ α-helical amphiphilic, β-folding amphiphilic na prolin-enriched amphiphilic.
Ụdị amphiphilic nke mbụ na-eyi akpụkpọ anụ peptides n'ime ụdị abụọ, ụdị ya na NLS jikọtara ya na usoro hydrophobic peptide, dị ka MPG (GLAFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKKRKV) na Pep - 1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKRKV), Ha abụọ dabere na akara ngosi mpaghara nuklia PKKKRKV nke SV4. ngalaba nke MPG metụtara usoro njikọ nke nje HIV glycoprotein 41 (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMG A), yana ngalaba hydrophobic nke Pep-1 metụtara ụyọkọ ọgaranya tryptophan nwere njikọ dị elu (KETWWET WWTEW).Agbanyeghị, ngalaba hydrophobic nke ha abụọ jikọtara ya na mgbama nrụpụta mpaghara nuklia PKKKRKV site na WSQP.Klas ọzọ nke peptides transmembrane amphiphilic bụ isi dịpụrụ adịpụ na protein ndị sitere n'okike, dị ka pVEC, ARF (1-22) na BPrPr (1-28).
Nke abụọ α-helical amphiphilic transmembrane peptides na-ejikọta akpụkpọ ahụ site na α-helices, na hydrophilic na hydrophobic amino acid residues dị na elu dị iche iche nke helical Ọdịdị, dị ka MAP (KLALKLALK ALKAALKLA).Maka beta peptide mpịachi ụdị amphiphilic wear membrane, ikike ya imepụta mpempe akwụkwọ beta dị oke mkpa maka ikike ntinye nke akpụkpọ ahụ, dị ka na VT5 (DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD) na usoro nyocha ikike ntinye nke akpụkpọ ahụ, na-eji ụdị D. - analogues mutation amino acid enweghị ike ịmepụta ibe mpịaji beta, ikike ntinye nke akpụkpọ ahụ adịghị mma.Na peptides amphiphilic transmembrane peptides na-eme ka proline dịkwuo mma, a na-emepụta polyproline II (PPII) n'ụzọ dị mfe na mmiri dị ọcha mgbe proline na-emewanyewanye nke ọma na nhazi polypeptide.PPII bụ helix aka ekpe nwere 3.0 amino acid residues kwa ntụgharị, na-emegide ụkpụrụ alfa-helix nke aka nri nwere ihe fọdụrụ amino acid 3.6 kwa ntụgharị.peptides transmembrane amphiphilic nke nwere proline gụnyere peptide bovine antimicrobial peptide 7 (Bac7), polypeptide sịntetik (PPR) n (n nwere ike ịbụ 3, 4, 5 na 6), wdg.
3. Hydrophobic akpụkpọ anụ peptide
Hydrophobic transmembrane peptides nwere naanị ihe fọdụrụ na amino acid na-abụghị polar, yana ụgwọ net na-erughị 20% nke ngụkọta ụgwọ nke usoro amino acid, ma ọ bụ nwere hydrophobic moieties ma ọ bụ otu kemịkalụ dị mkpa maka transmembrane.Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eleghara peptides transmembrane cellular ndị a anya, ha dị adị, dị ka fibroblast growth factor (K-FGF) na fibroblast growth factor 12 (F-GF12) sitere na sarcoma Kaposi.
Oge nzipu: Mar-19-2023